Fundamentals of Macroeconomics

Fundamentals of

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Macroeconomics In this essay I will describe the fundamentals of

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GAP, unemployment rate, inflation rate, and interest rate. Also I will be explaining how some common occurrences such as buying groceries, massive layof

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fs, and a decrease in taxes affect the government, businesses, and even you. Lets start with GAP. What is GAP you ask? GAP stands for Gross Domestic Product and represents the total market value, in dollars, of

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goods and services. There are 4 main components that affect GAP; consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports.

Consumption is very straightforward and it Just means the total number, in dollars, of

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goods and services purchased by households. On the opposite side what do you think government spending is? You got it, it’s the amount of

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money used by the government to buy goods and services as well. While the amount of

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money spent on additional production is labeled as investment. Net exports are the only component that is kind of

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tricky. To get the amount of

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spending for net exports you take the amount of

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goods and services that are produced in the United States and abduct the amount of

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goods and services purchased over seas and abroad.

All of

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these components represent the flow of

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the economy, Now that we understand what GAP is in a nutshell lets move on to another concept. All GAP does is measures final output. Final out put is goods and services measured in there final use. Any goods and services not in there final use are considered intermediate goods. So any intermediate goods (I. E. Wheat sold to a wheat company or cotton to a sock company) are not calculated into total GAP. There are 2 different says to represent final output, real GAP and nominal GAP. Nominal GAP is the amount in today’s dollars of

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GAP.

Real GAP is the nominal GAP plus the amount of

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money it would take to account for inflation. Unemployment rate, inflation rate, and interest rate are my next points of

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discussion. Unemployment rate is the rate of

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people in the economy that do not have Jobs. When there are to many workers and not enough Jobs the ratio of

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that is how we find the unemployment rate also taking into account that people who are UN able to work. (I. E. Kick and drug addicts) Inflation rate is the percentage that money grows over any given point of

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time.

For example if I buy a gallon of

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milk at 3 dollars this year and next year I buy the same gallon of

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milk for 3 dollars and 25 cents, than the rate of

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inflation for that gallon of

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milk would be about 8%. Interest rate is the amount of

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money, in percentage, charged for its use. That can also be broken down to real and nominal interest rates. Nominal interest rate is the rate of

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interest charge to the barrower now at this current day and real interest rate is calculated by the nominal interest ate minus the inflation rate.

By Standard massive lay-of

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f, and a decrease in taxes can cause ripples in all levels of

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the economy. If I were to buy a bag of

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groceries that money turns into prof

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it for the business. That prof

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it turns into investing into new products. With companies making more money from new product the economy can grow which can cause the government to increase taxes to help slow down unnecessary spending and decrease inflation. With a massive lay-of

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f it will slow spending down because people are not making as much money as before.

The repercussions of

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that is demand goes down and businesses start to fail but on the bright side it would cause the government cut taxes and increase spending to help boos the economy out of

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the rut that caused the mass lay-of

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f in the first place. A decrease in taxes will cause more consumer spending. When taxes are decreased the government can’t spend as much as they want or need to on public services such as roads and school. This, in turn, can cause unemployment rates to go up from the local government Jobs and contracts that loud seize to exist.

It will also encourage consumers to spend more money causing the economy to inflate. As you can see we covered a lot of

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basic concepts in the realm of

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macroeconomics. Even with the little bit of

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knowledge in this paper we can see that economics is all intertwined with itself. There can never be one thing without the other. If there is the economy becomes unbalanced and things start to get bad. I hope you have enjoyed my paper on the Fundamentals of

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Macroeconomics! Reference Colander, D. C. (2010). Macroeconomics (8th De. )

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